The explosion of networked devices has driven a new computing environment called the Internet of Things (IoT), enabling various services such as home automation and health monitoring. Despite the promising applicability of the IoT, developing an IoT service is challenging for programmers, because the programmers should integrate multiple programmable devices and heterogeneous third-party devices. Recent works have proposed integrated programming platforms, but they either require device-specific implementation for third-party devices without any device abstraction, or abstract all the devices to the standard interfaces requiring unnecessary abstraction of programmable devices. To integrate IoT devices with selective abstraction, this work revisits the object oriented programming (OOP) model, and proposes a new language extension and its compiler-runtime framework, called Esperanto. With three annotations that map each object to its corresponding IoT device, the Esperanto language allows programmers to integrate multiple programmable devices into one OOP program and to abstract similar third-party devices into their common ancestor classes. Given the annotations, the Esperanto compiler automatically partitions the integrated program into multiple sub-programs for each programmable IoT device, and inserts communication and synchronization code. Moreover, for the ancestor classes, the Esperanto runtime dynamically identifies connected third-party devices, and links their corresponding descendent objects. Compared to an existing approach on the integrated IoT programming, Esperanto requires 33.3% fewer lines of code to implement 5 IoT services, and reduces their response time by 44.8% on average.

Despite the promising applicability of the Internet of Things (IoT) such as home automation and health monitoring, developing an IoT application is laborious because programmers should explicitly manipulate communication for shared data across heterogeneous distributed IoT devices. Recent proposals simplify the communication management with graphical views or language extension, but still require programmers to explicitly manage the communication. To liberate programmers from the explicit communication management, this work revisits heterogeneous distributed shared memory (HDSM) for IoT devices, and proposes a compiler-runtime cooperative HDSM framework, called IoT-HDSM. The compiler unifies heterogeneous memory layouts of different IoT devices, and the runtime system provides a shared memory view for the devices. To support lightweight devices that cannot execute the runtime, the compiler automatically inserts explicit communication instructions into the IoT application. Moreover, to efficiently control concurrent memory accesses without locks, this work also proposes a new annotation called memory branch that provides a memory snapshot for each device. This work implements 3 IoT services with IoT-HDSM, and shows that IoT-HDSM simplifies shared data management without harming QoS.